This beautiful church of Santa Maria di Provenzano, built in the mannerist style, stands in the place where a certain Provenzano Salvani owned some houses. He was the Capitano, or leading official, of the Sienese people on the side of the Ghibellines (his name also appears more than once in Dante).

A painted terracotta sculpture of the Pietà used to decorate the front of one of these houses, but halfway through the 16th century, a Spanish soldier committed the sacrilege of firing his weapon at the image. It was smashed to pieces with the exception of the bust of the Madonna, which remained perfectly intact. The people proclaimed this a miracle and so, in 1594, they got Flaminio del Turco to design and build this spacious, solemn church.
The façade is impressive and distinguished by the play of chiaroscuro(light and shade).
The interior is stately and embellished. On the high altar there is a niche containing a much-venerated image of the Madonna.
There are various votive banners hanging on the pilasters that support the elegant, hexagonal dome. The most significant of these is the one that bears the coat of arms of the Medicis since it was flown at the Fortezza until the French invasion of 1799.